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教学资源 ☆ 初中英语教学中形容词和副词比较级难点小结


2014-09-25 14:49:08   来源:教务处   撰稿:屈晓梅   摄影摄像:    ;  评论:0 点击:

    初中英语教学中的形容词和副词比较级是初中阶段教学的重点之一.以下就比较级的难点作一小结:

 

        一、注意比较级中的同类比较在比较级中作比较的对象必须是同一类别,非同类的事物不能进行比较

  如:

  误:My cake is bigger than you

  正:My cake is bigger than yours(your cake)

  一般说来,相比较的事物为了避免重复than后面的比较对象,常用thatthose来代替。复数名词多用those代替,不可数名词和单数名词用that代替,如:

  误:The weather in the south is always hotter than in the north.

  正:The weather in the south is always hotter than that in the north.

        

        二、注意than后人称代词的格,在比较级中一般应该主格与主格相比,宾格与宾格相比

  1.句中谓语是不及物动词时,than从句中动词被省略掉,其后的代词用主格、宾格意义并无区别。如:

  She runs faster than he(him)

  He comes to school earlier than us(we).

  2.句中谓语动词是及物动词时,后面的人称代词主格、宾格不同,意义也不同,请比较。

  I like you more than he

  (=I like you more than he likes you)我比他更喜欢你。

  3.若代词后接all作同位语,代词用宾格。如:

  误:Tom draws better than they all

  正:Tom draws better than them all

       

        三、注意than前后的谓语动词的一致性。若句中含有动词be、助动词、情态动词、than后的动词与其一致;若句中不含有这些动词,则用do的适当形式,即dodoesdid

  如:

  误:Jim runs faster than Tom is

  正:Jim runs faster than Tom does

  误:I'm much taller than he does

  正:I'm much taller than he is

       

        四、当比较的双方在同一范围内,注意要加other一词,将比较的一方从被比较的一方排除在外。否则,就会出现自身相比较的矛盾现象

  译:英语比其他任何学科更受欢迎。

  误:English is more popular than any subject

  正:English is more popular than any other subject

  这种句子在形式上是比较级,但在意义上是最高级。通常,同样的意思却有多种表达方式。

  译:他是班上最高的学生。

  Of all the students in his class he is the tallest

  He is taller than any other student in his class

  He is taller than any of the other students in his class

  He is taller than any of others in his class

  He is taller than any one else in his class

  He is taller than the others in his class

  但是,若比较双方不在同一范围内,就不需要用other来加以排斥了。

  如:Beijing is larger than any city in Africa(非洲).

  (北京不在非洲,故any后不用other)

 

        五、注意使用asas结构时的情况

  1.在原级比较中,否定句可用not so(as)……as,而肯定句只能用asas,这时,形容词或副词不用比较级,而只用原级。如:

  误:English is so useful as Chinese

  正:English is as useful as Chinese

  2.使用no so(as)as时,如果句子谓语是实义动词,not应与do的相应形式连用,而不能直接在谓语动词后。如:

  误:He gets up not so(as)early as Tom

  正:He doesn't get up so(as)early as Tom

  3.not so(as)as可以和less than互换。

  试译:日语没英语那样受欢迎.

  Japanese is not as popular as English

  Japanese is not so popular as English

  Japanese is less popular than English

  English is more popular than Japanese

  4.asas中后一个as不能受汉语的影响而改为likethan。如:

  误:Jim is not as careful like his brother

  正:Jim is not as careful as his brother

  误:This bag is as heavy than that one

  正:This bag is as heavy as that one

  5.asas后接人称代词时,正式文体中多用主格。非正式文体中多用宾格。但是,若代词后有动词,则只能用主格。如:

  Tom is as old as I(或用me)

  Tom is as old as I am(不用me)

       

        六、常用muchevena littlestilla lot等表示程度的副词来修饰比较级,而verytosoquite(表示身体健康状况的quitebetter除外),不可用来修饰比较级形式

  如:

  误:This box is very heavier than that one

  正:This box is much heavier than that one

  但是,当more用来修饰或替代复数名词时表示适度,需用manya few或数词修饰,不用mucha little

  修饰。如:

  误:I have much more books than you

  正:I have many more books than you

 

        七、以ly结尾的副词比较级,最高级一般加moremost构成。如:more carefullymost carefullymore slowlymost slowly,但early一词中的ly不是词尾,不可加moremost而应改yi,再加--er--est构成比较级和最高级

  如:

  误:Tom is always the most early one to get to school

  正:Tom is always the earliest one to get to school

 

         八、表示“越来越…”用“比较级+and+比较级”结构,应注意形容词或副词为多音节时应用“more and more+原级”,此结构不接than从句

  例如:

  The world's population is growing faster and faster

  Our country is becoming more and more beautiful

 

教务处 初二英语组

2014年9月   

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